THEME

STATISTICS & EXPLANATIONS

Macro-Economy

- GDP Growth (2022–23)
‎• Real GDP (NSO Provisional): 7.2% (robust post-pandemic recovery)
‎• Nominal GDP: USD 3.39 trillion
‎• IMF (2023–24): 6.1%; World Bank (2023–24): 6.3%
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‎- Sectoral Contribution to GVA (2022–23)
‎• Agriculture & Allied: 18.3% (essential but slower growth)
‎• Industry: 29.6% (includes manufacturing, construction, mining)
‎• Services: 52.1% (IT, finance, tourism driving expansion)
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‎- Fiscal Deficit (2023–24): 5.9% of GDP
‎- Current Account Deficit (2022–23): 2.7% of GDP (RBI)
‎- Forex Reserves (Jan 2023): USD 572.0 bn (~8–9 months’ cover)
‎- Inflation (CPI, 2022–23): 6.7% (MoSPI, above target band)
‎- FDI Inflows (2021–22): USD 84.8 bn (DPIIT)
‎- IIP Growth (2022–23): 5.4% (MoSPI)
‎- Merchandise Exports (2022–23): USD 447.5 bn (+6.7% YoY)
‎- Direct Tax Collection (2022–23): ₹16.61 lakh cr
‎- PMI (Apr 2023): Manufacturing 57.2 (S&P Global)
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‎Key Sources: NSO, Union Budget, RBI, IMF/WB, DPIIT, Min. of Commerce, CBDT, S&P Global

Employment & Labour

- Unemployment (PLFS 2021–22)
‎• Overall: 4.2% (lowest in recent years)
‎• Urban (Jul–Sep 2022): 7.2%
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‎- Labour Force Participation Rate
‎• Overall: 49.8% (about half of population is economically active)
‎• Female: 23.1% (significant gender gap)
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‎- Informal Sector (ILO 2020): 81% (majority lack formal contracts)
‎- MGNREGA (FY 2022–23): 11.4 cr workers (rural job safety net)
‎- EPFO (2022): 6.9 cr active contributors (formalization indicator)
‎- Gig & Platform (NITI 2022): 7.7 mn workers (urban on-demand services)
‎- Avg Rural Wages (2022): ₹322/day (regional variations)
‎- Median Age (UN WPP): 28.2 yrs (demographic dividend)
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‎Key Sources: PLFS, MoRD, ILO, EPFO, NITI Aayog, Labour Bureau, UN WPP

Agriculture & Rural Development

- Share in GDP (2022–23): 18.4% (NSO)
‎- Workforce in Agriculture (PLFS): 45.5% (high reliance)
‎- Foodgrain Production (2021–22): 315.7 mn tonnes (record output)
‎- Irrigation Coverage: 52% net sown area (Agri Census, significant rainfed areas)
‎- PM-KISAN: 11.3 cr beneficiaries (direct income support)
‎- PMFBY (2021–22): 5.7 cr enrolled (crop insurance)
‎- Agri Exports (2021–22): USD 50.2 bn (APEDA: rice, marine, sugar)
‎- Farm Mechanization: 44.5% (ICAR, potential for improvement)
‎- Marginal Holdings (<1 ha): 68.5% (land fragmentation issue)
‎- Livestock Sector: 4.35% of GVA (2020–21, dairy/poultry)
‎- SHGs (NRLM 2022): 6.9 mn (women empowerment in rural areas)
‎- Pulse Production: 27.7 mn tonnes (protein source)
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‎Key Sources: Min. of Agri, PLFS, NSSO, PM-KISAN, PMFBY, APEDA, ICAR, Agri Census, NAS, NRLM

Poverty, Inequality & Social Indicators

- Multidimensional Poverty (NITI)
‎• 2005–06: 55.1%
‎• 2019–21: 16.4% (sharp drop)
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‎- Income Inequality (Oxfam 2022): Top 10% own 72% (wealth concentration)
‎- Global Hunger Index (2022): 107/121 (under-nutrition persists)
‎- HDI (UNDP 2022): 132/191 (medium category)
‎- SC & ST (Census 2011): SC 16.6%, ST 8.6%
‎- Poverty Line (WB, USD 2.15/day): ~10% extreme poverty (2019)
‎- Urban Slums (UN-Habitat): 34.9% of urban pop (housing deficits)
‎- SC Poverty Incidence: 28% vs 21% (NSS, caste-based)
‎- Gini Coefficient (2020): 0.48 (moderate-high inequality, WB)
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‎Key Sources: NITI Aayog MPI, Oxfam, GHI, UNDP, Census 2011, WB, NSSO

Health

- Life Expectancy (SRS 2015–19): 69.7 yrs (improved but below global avg ~72)
‎- MMR (SRS 2018–20): 97/100k (significant reduction over time)
‎- IMR (SRS 2020): 28/1k (wide state variations)
‎- TFR (NFHS-5): 2.0 (near replacement)
‎- Child Nutrition (NFHS-5)
‎• Stunting: 35.5%
‎• Wasting: 19.3%
‎• Underweight: 32.1%
‎- Health Insurance: 41% HH (Ayushman Bharat coverage)
‎- OOPE (NHA 2018–19): 48.2% (high out-of-pocket costs)
‎- Health Expenditure: 3.0% of GDP (1.5% public)
‎- Doctor-Pop Ratio: 1:1,300 (below WHO norm)
‎- PHC Vacancies (RHS 2021): 12,646
‎- NCDs (WHO 2020): 63% of total deaths (chronic illnesses)
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‎Key Sources: SRS, NFHS-5, MoHFW, NHA, Econ Survey, RHS, WHO

Education

- Literacy (NSO 2017–18)
‎• Overall: 77.7%
‎• Male: 84.7%
‎• Female: 70.3%
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‎- GER (AISHE 2020–21): 27.3% (higher ed, target 50% by 2035 under NEP)
‎- Dropout Rate (UDISE+ 2021–22): 15.1% at secondary level
‎- Digital Access (NSO 2019): 23.8% HH w/ internet (digital divide)
‎- ASER (2022): Std V reading 42.8% (post-pandemic decline)
‎- Public Expenditure: 4.3% of GDP (below recommended 6%)
‎- GPI (UDISE+ 2021–22): 1.02 (Grades 1–12 parity)
‎- PTR (Elementary): 26:1 (improvement but needs uniformity)
‎- School Infra: ~95% w/ drinking water, 86% w/ handwashing
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‎Key Sources: NSO, AISHE, UDISE+, ASER, Econ Survey

Gender

- Female LFPR (PLFS): 23.1% (cultural, safety factors)
‎- Gender Gap in Literacy: M 84.7%, F 70.3% (14-pt gap)
‎- Sex Ratio (NFHS-5): 1,020 f/1,000 m (improved)
‎- Women in Lok Sabha: 14.4% seats (below global avg ~26%)
‎- MMR (SRS 2018–20): 97 (regional disparities)
‎- Global Gender Gap (WEF 2023): 127/146 (economic & political sub-indexes lag)
‎- Crimes vs Women (NCRB): 4.28 lakh (domestic violence, dowry, assault)
‎- Gender Wage Gap (ILO): ~23% less pay for women
‎- Sex Ratio at Birth (SRS 2020): 899 f/1,000 m (son preference)
‎- Gender Dev. Index (UNDP): 0.820
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‎Key Sources: NFHS-5, ECI, PLFS, WEF, NCRB, ILO, SRS, UNDP

Infrastructure & Connectivity

- Road Network (MoRTH 2022): 6.39 mn km, NH ~1.45 lakh km (2nd largest globally)
‎- Railway (2023): 68,103 km route; 90% BG electrified
‎- Rural Electrification: 99.99% HH (Saubhagya)
‎- Jal Jeevan Mission (Mar 2023): 11.4 cr FHTC (target universal by 2024)
‎- Digital Infra: UPI ~8.0 bn/month, 839 mn internet subs (TRAI)
‎- Electricity Capacity (CEA): 412 GW (40% non-fossil)
‎- NMP (2021–25): Target ₹6 lakh cr (asset monetization)
‎- LPI (WB 2023): Rank 38/139 (logistics improving)
‎- NH Construction (FY23): 10,993 km
‎- Digital Divide (TRAI): Rural 58.1%, Urban 137.9%
‎- BharatNet (2023): 1.9 lakh GPs connected (DoT)
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‎Key Sources: MoRTH, Indian Railways, Saubhagya/JJM, NPCI/TRAI, CEA, WB LPI, MoF, DoT

Environment & Climate

- Forest Cover (ISFR 2021): 24.62% (~713,789 sq. km)
‎- RE Capacity (MNRE 2023): 122.1 GW (solar, wind, small hydro)
‎- Air Pollution (NCAP 2022): Delhi PM2.5 ~96 µg/m³
‎- Plastic Waste (MoEFCC): 3.47 mn tonnes (single-use ban enforced)
‎- NDCs (2022): 50% non-fossil capacity by 2030; -45% emissions intensity (2005 baseline)
‎- Biodiversity: 8% of global diversity in 2.4% land
‎- CO2 Emissions (IEA 2021): 2.74 t/capita (below global avg ~4.4 t)
‎- EV Targets (NITI Aayog): 30% cars, 80% two-/three-wheelers by 2030
‎- EPI (Yale 2022): Rank 180/180 (methodology debated)
‎- Carbon Sink Goal: +2.5–3 bn tonnes by 2030 (MoEFCC)
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‎Key Sources: ISFR, MNRE, MoEFCC, UNFCCC, IEA, NITI Aayog, Yale EPI

Urbanization

- Urban Population (WB 2021): 35% (projected >40% by 2030)
‎- Smart Cities (2023): 100 cities, 7,800+ projects (ICT, e-gov)
‎- Housing Shortage (MoHUA 2018): 10 mn units (affordable + slum rehab)
‎- SBM (Urban) 2.0 (2023): 4,372 ULBs ODF (aiming ODF+ & ODF++)
‎- Metro Rail: 810 km operational, 1,015 km under construction
‎- AMRUT: 500 cities (water, sewage, green spaces)
‎- Urban Slums (Census 2011): 65 mn
‎- Piped Water (NSS 76th Rd): 70.6% urban HH
‎- Solid Waste Mgmt (MoHUA 2022): 72% processing rate
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‎Key Sources: MoHUA, World Bank, SBM(U), Census 2011, NSS 76th Round

Science & Technology

- R&D Expenditure (DST): 0.66% of GDP (needs 2–3% to match advanced economies)
‎- Patent Filings (2021–22): 66,440 (domestic rise but behind China/US)
‎- Space Tech (ISRO): 124 missions (PSLV, GSLV, Chandrayaan, Mangalyaan)
‎- Digital India (TRAI Q4 2022): 839 mn subscribers (rural uptrend)
‎- AI Market (NASSCOM): ~USD 3.1 bn (health, finance, e-commerce adoption)
‎- Electronics Mfg (MEA 2022): USD 75.6 bn (PLI schemes impetus)
‎- National Quantum Mission (2023): ₹6,000 cr (quantum computing focus)
‎- Innovation Ranking (GII 2022): India 40/132 (jump from 81 in 2015)
‎- Startup Ecosystem (DPIIT 2023): 98,119 (3rd largest globally)
‎- Digital Payments (RBI): 10.6 bn+/month (UPI, IMPS, NEFT)
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‎Key Sources: DST, CGPDTM, ISRO, TRAI, NASSCOM, MeitY, WIPO GII, DPIIT, RBI

Police & Judiciary

- Police-Pop Ratio (BPR&D): 195.39/100k (below UN ~220/100k)
‎- Police Vacancies: 5.3 lakh (affects law & order)
‎- Judiciary Pendency (NJDG): 4.4 cr cases (major backlog)
‎- Juvenile Justice (NCRB 2021): 1.9 juveniles/100k (theft, assault)
‎- Conviction Rate (IPC, NCRB 2021): 57% (investigative & judicial efficiency)
‎- Lok Adalats (NALSA 2022): 1.2 cr cases settled (alternative resolution)
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‎Key Sources: BPR&D, NJDG, NCRB, NALSA

Defence

- Defence Budget (2023–24): ₹5.94 lakh cr (~2% GDP)
‎- Armed Forces: 1.45 mn (3rd largest, SIPRI)
‎- Defence Imports (2021–22): ~USD 8 bn (top arms importer)
‎- Make in India: 68% capex for domestic procurement
‎- Nuclear Warheads (SIPRI): ~160 (minimum deterrence)
‎- Defence Exports (2022–23): ₹15,920 cr (~USD 2 bn)
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‎Key Sources: Union Budget, SIPRI, MoD

Parliament

- Lok Sabha (2023): 543 elected + 2 nominated (Anglo-Indian, vacant)
‎- Women MPs: 78 (~14.4%) (debates on reservation)
‎- Bills Passed (17th LS): 120+ (by mid-2023, major reforms)
‎- Session Time (PRS): ~30% disruptions (hampers lawmaking)
‎- Rajya Sabha: 245 members (233 + 12 nominated)
‎- Private Members’ Bills: ~4/session (rarely passed)
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‎Key Sources: Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha websites, PRS

Corruption

- Transparency Intl (CPI 2022): India 85/180 (moderate rank)
‎- Lokpal & Lokayuktas: 8,700 complaints (2021–22)
‎- CVC Data (2021): 2,300+ corruption complaints
‎- Prosecution Delays: ~30% >4 months (bureaucratic hurdles)
‎- Bribery Rate (India Corr. Survey 2019): 51% (paid bribe at least once)
‎- PCA Conviction Rate: ~44% (Prevention of Corruption Act)
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‎Key Sources: Transparency International, Lokpal/Lokayukta, CVC

NGOs

- NGOs under FCRA (2022): 49,843 (MHA)
‎- FCRA Contributions (2021–22): ₹22,085 cr (education, health, relief)
‎- Sector Focus: education, healthcare, social services
‎- Cancellations: ~13,000 (2017–22) (non-compliance)
‎- NGO-DARPAN (NITI): accreditation & self-regulation
‎- CSR Funding (MCA 2021–22): ₹14,986 cr
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‎Key Sources: MHA-FCRA, NGO-DARPAN, MCA (CSR)

Disasters

- Disaster-Prone (NDMA 2022): 58.6% seismic; ~40 mn ha flood-prone
‎- Cyclones (IMD 2021): ~5–6/year (Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea)
‎- Losses (CRED 2021): USD 87 bn (2020–21)
‎- NDRF: 16 battalions (specialized rescue & relief)
‎- Disaster Fatalities (NCRB 2021): 2,119 (floods, landslides, cyclones)
‎- Urban Flooding (NIUA 2022): 51% cities with inadequate drainage
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‎Key Sources: NDMA, IMD, CRED, NCRB, NIUA

Indian Diaspora

- Global Diaspora (MEA 2022): 32+ mn (largest diaspora worldwide)
‎- Remittances (WB 2022): USD 100 bn (highest globally)
‎- Gulf Countries: 8.9 mn Indians (MoIA)
‎- OCI Cardholders (MEA): 3.7 mn
‎- Skilled Migration: IT/healthcare in US/UK/Canada
‎- Emigration Clearances (MHA 2022): 7.2 lakh (to GCC)
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‎Key Sources: MEA, World Bank, MoIA, MHA