Definition and Concept

Governance refers to the processes, structures, and mechanisms that define how power and responsibilities are exercised, how decisions are made, and how citizens or stakeholders are given a voice in shaping the policies that affect them. It encompasses the political, economic, and administrative authority necessary to manage a country's affairs at all levels.

1.Key Components of Governance

i.Transparency: Open decision-making processes that allow stakeholders to understand how and why decisions are made.

ii.Accountability: Ensuring that government officials and institutions are answerable to the public and responsible for their actions.

iii.Participation: Involvement of citizens and stakeholders in decision-making processes, ensuring their voices and interests are considered.

iv.Rule of Law: Legal frameworks that are fair, enforced impartially, and protect human rights.

v.Efficiency and Effectiveness: Utilizing resources wisely to achieve desired outcomes with minimal waste.