Definition and Concept

Definition: Casteism is a form of social discrimination and prejudice based on caste, which is a hereditary social stratification system in India. It involves treating people differently and unfairly based on their caste, leading to social exclusion, economic disadvantages, and denial of opportunities. Casteism manifests in various ways, including discrimination in education, employment, housing, and social interactions.

Concept: Casteism perpetuates the hierarchical nature of the caste system, where certain castes are considered superior to others. It often leads to the oppression and marginalization of lower castes, particularly Dalits, formerly known as Untouchables and tribal communities. Casteism is deeply rooted in historical, social, and cultural contexts and continues to influence contemporary Indian society.

Casteism vs. Caste System

Caste System

i.Definition: The caste system is a traditional social hierarchy prevalent in India, dividing society into various hereditary groups called 'castes'. These groups are defined by occupation, social status, and endogamy (marriage within the same caste). The caste system has its origins in ancient Hindu texts and has been a defining feature of Indian society for centuries.

ii.Varna System: The caste system traditionally comprises four main categories, known as Varnas: Brahmins (priests and scholars), Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers), Vaishyas (traders and agriculturists), and Shudras (labourers and service providers). Below these Varnas are the Dalits, who fall outside the Varna system and are subjected to severe social discrimination.

iii.Jati System: Within the broader Varna system, there are thousands of sub-castes known as Jatis. These Jatis are often region-specific and occupationally defined, further segmenting the social hierarchy.