Health services form the backbone of a nation’s socio-economic development, impacting productivity, quality of life, and overall well-being. In India, public health services have evolved significantly over decades, shaped by constitutional provisions, policy frameworks, and landmark committee recommendations.

Definition and Scope

1.Definition of Public Health

Public health refers to the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through organized efforts of society, organizations, public and private sectors, and individuals.

It encompasses health promotion, disease prevention, and ensuring access to quality healthcare services.

2.Scope of Public Health

i.Health Promotion: Campaigns for awareness on hygiene, nutrition, and preventive measures (e.g., Swachh Bharat Abhiyan).

ii.Disease Prevention: Vaccination drives (e.g., Universal Immunization Programme) and surveillance of communicable diseases (e.g., Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme).