Voting behaviour in India is influenced by a myriad of factors, encompassing socio-economic, cultural, political, psychological, institutional, and technological dimensions. Understanding these factors provides insight into the dynamics of electoral outcomes and the functioning of democracy in the country.

Socio-Economic Factors

Caste and Community

1.Historical Context: The caste system has been deeply entrenched in Indian society for centuries, influencing social, economic, and political interactions. Historically, political parties have mobilized support based on caste affiliations to secure votes.

2.Current Trends: Although urbanization and education have reduced the dominance of caste-based voting in urban areas, it remains a crucial factor in rural regions. Parties like the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) and Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) have successfully built their voter base on caste identities. For example, the BSP has garnered significant support from the Dalit community, while the RJD has a strong Yadav-Muslim voter base.

Economic Status

1.Wealth and Class: Economic status significantly influences voting behaviour. Poorer sections of society tend to vote for parties that promise social welfare schemes, subsidies, and economic upliftment. Conversely, wealthier voters may prioritize policies that ensure economic stability and growth.