It refers to a political arrangement where multiple political parties come together to form a government, usually because no single party has achieved a majority in the parliament. India follows a parliamentary system of government, with the Lok Sabha (House of the People) serving as the lower house of the Indian Parliament. In cases where no party secures an absolute majority (at least 272 out of the 543 seats), two or more parties collaborate to form a government, creating a coalition. Coalition governments have been a recurring feature of India's political landscape since the 1990s, reflecting the diverse and pluralistic nature of Indian society.

Power Sharing and Distribution of Portfolios

Inclusive governance with multiple parties sharing ministerial portfolios.

Intense negotiation and bargaining for key positions.

Common Minimum Programme (CMP)

Consensus-based policy making to ensure coalition partners adhere to a common agenda.

Balancing diverse ideologies and interests.