Soil is one of the most vital natural resources, acting as a foundation for agriculture, ecological balance, and economic activities. India's diverse climatic and geological conditions have resulted in a variety of soil types, supporting its status as an agricultural powerhouse.

Definition of Soil

Soil is a natural resource formed by the weathering of rocks and the decomposition of organic matter over thousands of years. It consists of minerals, organic matter, water, and air, supporting plant growth and acting as a critical link in the ecosystem.

Key Characteristics

Soil varies in texture, fertility, and chemical composition depending on its origin and climatic conditions.

It serves as a medium for water retention, nutrient supply, and biological activity.

Scientific Perspective: Soil layers, known as horizons, include the topsoil (rich in organic material), subsoil, and parent rock.

Importance of Soils in Agriculture, Environment, and Economy