Definition

Soil is a natural body composed of minerals, organic matter, water, and air, forming the upper layer of the Earth's surface where plants grow. It is created through the weathering of rocks and the decay of organic materials over time, forming a complex and dynamic system essential for life on Earth. Soil varies widely in composition, texture, and structure, depending on factors such as climate, topography, and the types of parent materials from which it is formed.

Importance of Soil in the Earth’s Ecosystem

1.Foundation of Terrestrial Ecosystems

Soil is often referred to as the foundation of life on Earth. It supports plant life, which forms the basis of most terrestrial food webs. Without healthy soil, ecosystems would collapse as plants would be unable to obtain the nutrients, water, and support they need to grow.

Soil contributes to the cycling of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are essential for plant growth. This nutrient cycling is a critical part of ecosystem functioning, as it ensures that plants, animals, and microorganisms receive the necessary resources to survive.

2.Filter and Buffer