ENVIRONMENT
The ‘environment’ encompasses everything that surrounds living organisms. This includes both natural elements like land, water, and air, and human-made aspects like buildings and roads.
The natural environment consists of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) elements. The human environment relates to how humans interact with each other and with their surroundings.
1.Lithosphere: This refers to the solid outer layer of the Earth. It’s where we find various landforms like mountains and valleys. The ‘lithosphere’ is essential for human survival as it provides land for agriculture, settlements, and contains mineral resources.