Iron, which is integral to modern life, was introduced in the Indian subcontinent about 3000 years ago. This era marked a significant change in agricultural and weaponry technology. The discovery of iron tools and weapons in megalithic burials suggests their prominence in ancient societies.

Role Of Iron In Agriculture

By 2500 years ago, iron tools became more prevalent in agricultural activities. Important iron tools included axes, which played a crucial role in clearing forests to create more arable land. The iron ploughshare was another important invention. Compared to its wooden or stone counterparts, the iron ploughshare was more effective in tilling the soil, leading to increased agricultural productivity.

Irrigation As A Catalyst For Agricultural Growth

Alongside tools, the methods to enhance agricultural yield also saw advancements. Irrigation systems, including canals, wells, tanks, and artificial lakes, were developed. These systems ensured a consistent water supply, reducing dependency on seasonal rains and allowing for multiple crops annually.

Flourishing villages were the backbone of the larger kingdoms.

Southern Part Of The Subcontinent (Tamil Region)