The population distribution in India showcases a significantly uneven pattern, heavily influenced by a mix of physical, socio-economic, and historical factors.

Physical Factors

Climate, Terrain, And Water Availability

The hospitable climate, fertile lands, and availability of water primarily in the Northern Indian Plains, deltas, and coastal plains foster population settlement and growth. These factors are conducive to agriculture, which is a significant livelihood source.

In contrast, harsher climates, rugged terrains, and scarce water resources in regions like the Himalayas, certain north–eastern states, and arid areas of the west deter dense population settlements.

Irrigation And Resource Availability

Development of irrigation systems in arid regions like Rajasthan has allowed for agricultural activities, attracting more settlers.