The Rajasthani Schools of Painting refer to a distinct and diverse tradition of Indian painting that flourished in the various princely states, which are now part of modern-day Rajasthan and some parts of Madhya Pradesh. This rich artistic tradition was especially prominent from the 16th to the early 19th centuries and became an essential cultural element of the region.

Historical Context And Terminology

Anand Coomaraswamy coined the term Rajput Painting in 1916 to separate this indigenous school from the Mughal School of Painting. While the term ‘Rajput Schools’ might now be considered somewhat obsolete, replaced by more specific categories like ‘Rajasthani’ and Pahari, it served as an important step in recognising the significance of these painting styles. For Coomaraswamy, these paintings embodied the traditions that existed in the Indian mainland before the Mughal conquest and were often patronised by Rajput rulers.

Diverse Styles

Despite the geographical closeness of the kingdoms (like Mewar, Bundi, Kota, Jaipur, etc.), the painting styles were significantly diverse. They varied in:

1.Execution: Some were fine, detailed works, while others were bold and vigorous.

2.Colour Preference: Palette could range from brilliant to gentle.

3.Compositional Elements: These included the depiction of architecture, nature, and human figures.