THE MUGHAL SCHOOL OF MINIATURE PAINTING
The Mughal style of miniature painting is a fascinating blend of indigenous Indian styles and outside influences, particularly from Persian and, to some extent, European art. This was far from a one-way assimilation; it was a dynamic interaction that enriched the arts of both the Mughal and indigenous cultures.
1.Persian Influence: One of the most significant influences on Mughal painting came from Persia. Artists from Iran were invited to the Mughal courts, where they brought techniques, themes, and artistic traditions that had evolved over centuries in Persia. Elements like the detailed floral backgrounds, a focus on intricate patterns and the use of light and shade to add depth can be traced back to Persian traditions.
2.Indigenous Indian Styles: Even though Mughal emperors had a penchant for Persian art, they also admired the indigenous styles. As a result, many elements like the portrayal of flora and fauna, the bright use of colours, and themes from Indian epics like the Mahabharata and the Ramayana found their way into Mughal art.
3.European Influence: With the coming of the Portuguese, Dutch, and English to India, European art also began to influence Mughal paintings. Techniques like linear perspective, which were new to Indian art, were incorporated into Mughal paintings. European naturalism also influenced the way animals and landscapes were portrayed.
4.Islamic Influence: Given that the Mughal rulers were Muslims, Islamic art and architecture also had an impact. However, Mughal art was generally more representational than most Islamic art, which often avoided depicting human figures.
The Mughal emperors, especially Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan, were great patrons of art. They established workshops and invited artists from various parts of the world, creating an atmosphere where different artistic traditions could interact and evolve. The workshops were often like laboratories where artists from different backgrounds collaborated under the patronage of the emperor.