Among the numerous renowned art traditions in India, a few stand out, such as Bihar’s Mithila or Madhubani paintings, Maharashtra’s Warli art, Pithoro artwork from North Gujarat and western Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan’s Pabuji ki Phad and Pichhwai pieces, Gond and Sawara styles from Madhya Pradesh, and Pata Chitra from Odisha and Bengal. Here, a selection of these have been explored.

Mithila Painting

Mithila painting is named after the ancient Mithila region, which is now a part of modern-day Bihar and is famously the birthplace of Sita, a revered figure in Hindu mythology. The art form is believed to have been practiced by women in the region for centuries, and traditionally these paintings adorned the mud walls of their homes during significant events, especially weddings. Local tradition suggests that the origins of this art form can be traced back to the wedding of Sita and Lord Rama.

Aesthetic Aspects And Symbolism

The art form is notable for its vibrant colour palette and intricate designs. The paintings are generally placed in three specific parts of the house: the central or outer courtyards, the eastern portion associated with the family deity (often Kali), and a southern room that holds significant icons or images.

In the central courtyard, you often see depictions of gods bearing weapons, animals, and scenes of women performing household tasks like carrying water or winnowing grain. The family shrine area, known as devasthana or gosain ghar, typically features paintings of household gods (griha devatas) and ancestral deities (kula devatas).

In the most intimate setting, the kohbar ghar or inner room, the artwork is especially elaborate. The kohbar, which is a symbolically potent image of a lotus in full bloom, is a recurring motif here. Alongside it, you’ll find depictions of various gods and goddesses.