Blood is a specialized connective tissue composed of a fluid matrix called plasma and various formed elements, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This composition allows blood to perform essential functions such as transporting nutrients, gases, and waste products, as well as playing crucial roles in immune defence and blood clotting.

Plasma

Plasma is a straw-coloured, viscous fluid that makes up approximately 55% of total blood volume. It is composed primarily of water, proteins, and various solutes.

1.Water Content: Plasma is about 90-92% water, which serves as a solvent and medium for transporting various substances.

2.Proteins: Plasma proteins constitute 6-8% of the plasma and include:

i.Fibrinogen: Essential for blood clotting (coagulation). It is converted into fibrin during the clotting process.

ii.Globulins: Involved in defence mechanisms of the body. They include antibodies that help fight infections.

iii.Albumins: Maintain osmotic pressure and help balance fluid levels in the blood and tissues.