The executive, in the realm of governance and organisational management, refers to the segment that is primarily tasked with executing or implementing rules, policies, and decisions. The term ‘executive’is derived from the verb ‘execute’, which means to carry out, implement, or put into effect.

Components Of The Executive

The executive body in any governance system is typically composed of two main categories:

1.Political Executive: This includes elected or appointed officials who are accountable to the public and hold office for a fixed term. Examples are the President, Prime Minister, Governors, and Ministers. Their main tasks involve policymaking, decision-making, and overall supervision of policy implementation.

2.Permanent Executive Or Bureaucracy: Comprising of professional administrators, civil servants, and other officials who remain in office regardless of a change in the ruling party or individual leaders. They are responsible for the day-to-day administration of the state, ensuring that the decisions of the political executive are carried out. Civil servants usually have fixed tenures, and they offer continuity and expertise to the administration.

Principal Functions Of The Executive

1.Policy Implementation: The primary function is to put into action the policies formulated by the legislature or the top decision-making body.

2.Policy Formulation: While the legislature has the primary responsibility for making laws, the executive often plays a pivotal role in shaping and proposing policies.