An ecosystem encompasses the complex interactions between living organisms and their physical environment, maintaining a natural balance. The components of an ecosystem include both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) elements that work together to sustain life.

Components of an Ecosystem

Biotic Components

Living Organisms

These are categorized based on their roles in the ecosystem:

1.Producers: These are organisms, primarily green plants and certain bacteria, that produce organic compounds like sugars and starches from inorganic substances using sunlight. This process, known as photosynthesis, requires the presence of chlorophyll.

Examples: Grasses, trees, algae, cyanobacteria.

2.Consumers: These organisms depend directly or indirectly on producers for their sustenance. Consumers are further divided into several categories: