Federalism is a nuanced and multi-faceted system of governance that has its roots in the need for unity in diversity — balancing the shared interests of a nation with its localised, unique needs.

Key Features Of Federalism

1.Multiple Levels Of Government: Federalism involves at least two levels of government, often national (central) and state (provincial) governments, sometimes more with local/municipal levels.

2.Distinct Jurisdictions: These different levels of government have their distinct ‘jurisdictions’. They can legislate, tax, and administer a set of responsibilities independent of the other.

3.Constitutional Guarantee: The existence and extent of each level’s jurisdiction are typically constitutionally defined. This means that the arrangement isn’t easily tampered with and provides each level of government with its own autonomy.

4.Constitutional Amendments Require Consensus: Changes to fundamental provisions of the constitution usually require the agreement of both (or all) levels of government, ensuring a balance of power.

5.Judicial Oversight: Courts often serve as the mediator in disputes between different levels of government, with the highest court typically being the final interpreter of the constitution.