The decline of the Mughal Empire, which spanned from the late 17th century into the early 19th century, is a complex phenomenon that resulted from a combination of internal weaknesses and external pressures. This period of decline reflects the fragility of India's medieval social, economic, and political structures, ultimately leading to its subjugation by the British East India Company

Period Following Aurangzeb's Death

The period following Aurangzeb's death in 1707 was marked by a significant shift in the Mughal Empire's approach towards governance under Bahadur Shah I, who emerged victorious in a succession battle against his brothers. His reign attempted to reverse some of the policies of Aurangzeb and aimed at conciliation and compromise, particularly in the realm of religious tolerance and relations with the regional powers. However, these efforts had mixed outcomes, reflecting the complexity of the empire's challenges during this era.

Succession and Early Reforms of Bahadur Shah I

1.Succession Battle: Upon Aurangzeb’s death, his sons engaged in a conflict for the throne, with the 65-year-old Bahadur Shah eventually emerging victorious.

2.Policy Shift: Unlike Aurangzeb, Bahadur Shah I adopted policies of compromise and conciliation, attempting to reverse his father's more controversial measures. This included a more tolerant approach towards Hindu chiefs and rajas, and there was a notable cessation in the destruction of temples during his reign.