The terms Left and Right were first used during the French Revolution, originating from the seating arrangement in the National Assembly. Those demanding radical changes and supporting the underprivileged sat on the left, hence the term 'Left' in politics. The Left is synonymous with movements seeking radical socio-economic and governmental reforms to aid the oppressed. They typically lean towards socialism, aiming to shield workers from capitalist exploitation. In contrast, the 'Right' tends to uphold existing socio-economic and governmental structures, resisting major changesCentrists favour moderate alterations.

Early Influences and Development

1.Industrialization's Role: The advent of modern industries in cities like Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras led to the emergence of large working-class populations. Influenced by global socialist movements, particularly from Great Britain and Russia, these developments marked the beginning of India's leftist movement.

2.Formation of Trade Unions: As the working-class population grew, so did their organization into trade unions, initially spurred by the desire for better working conditions and wages. This period saw a nascent political awareness that burgeoned post-World War I.

3.Post-World War I Unrest: The end of the war brought about increased strikes due to the economic hardships of inflation and stagnant wages, marking a rise in the workers' political consciousness, extending beyond economic grievances to political issues like the opposition to the Rowlatt Act.

Intersection with Nationalist Movements

1.Involvement of Nationalist Leaders: Figures such as Lala Lajpat Rai began to engage with the labour movement, integrating it with the broader nationalist movement for India’s independence.