The evolution of British policies in India during the 19th century, especially in their dealings with the Hindu and Muslim communities, is a significant aspect of colonial history. This evolution can be traced through various periods, marked by changes in British attitudes and policies based on historical events, economic interests, and educational advancements

Pre-1857: Favouritism Towards Hindus

1.Economic and Educational Policies: Until the mid-19th century, British economic and educational policies inadvertently favoured Hindus over Muslims. This was partly due to the early adoption of English education among Hindus, which aligned them more closely with British economic and administrative interests. The establishment of English-style schools and colleges was more readily accepted and utilized by the Hindu communities, leading to their disproportionate representation in new economic opportunities and government positions.

2.Perceptions and Policies: Initially, the British did not distinctly favour Hindus over Muslims. However, the employment and educational opportunities inadvertently benefited the Hindu population, contributing to a growing disparity between the two communities.

The Revolt of 1857 and its Aftermath

1.British Suspicion towards Muslims: The Revolt of 1857 marked a significant turning point. The British perceived Muslims as the primary instigators of the rebellion, partly due to the involvement of Muslim rulers and the symbolic restoration of the Mughal Emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar. This led to a deliberate policy of suppressing Muslims post-rebellion, affecting their representation in government jobs and their participation in educational opportunities.

2.The Wahabi Movement: The suspicion towards Muslims was further fuelled by the Wahabi movement, an Islamic revivalist movement that the British saw as a direct challenge to their rule. This confirmed British biases and contributed to the harsh treatment and marginalization of Muslims in the following years.