Legislative institutions form the backbone of Indian democracy, playing a critical role in lawmaking, executive accountability, and representing the will of the people. However, these institutions face numerous challenges that undermine their effectiveness and democratic ethos

Constitutional Framework of Parliament and State Legislatures

India’s legislative institutions are established under the Constitution, which provides a clear framework for their composition, powers, and functioning.

Structure of the Legislature

1.Parliament of India

i.Bicameral Structure: Comprising two houses

a:Lok Sabha (House of the People): Directly elected representatives, reflecting the will of the citizens.

b:Rajya Sabha (Council of States): Members representing states and Union Territories, indirectly elected by state legislatures.