Communication networks are vital to the functioning of modern society, serving as the infrastructure that underpins everything from government operations to economic activities and social interactions. In India, these networks are particularly crucial given the country's vast geography, large population, and diverse socio-economic landscape. They enable essential services such as banking, healthcare, education, and governance, and they are central to the country's digital transformation initiatives like Digital India.

In the context of national security, communication networks are indispensable for the coordination of defence, law enforcement, and intelligence agencies. They facilitate real-time communication and data sharing, which are critical for monitoring and responding to security threats. The integrity, reliability, and security of these networks are paramount to safeguarding India’s internal security and ensuring the continuity of its socio-economic development.

However, the very features that make communication networks indispensable—such as their interconnectedness and reliance on digital technologies—also make them vulnerable to various security threats. As India continues to modernize and expand its communication infrastructure, the challenges to internal security through these networks have become increasingly complex and multifaceted. Addressing these challenges is crucial for protecting India’s national interests and maintaining public trust in the digital ecosystem.

Definition and Types of Communication Networks

Communication networks are systems that enable the exchange of information between entities, whether they are individuals, organizations, or machines. These networks are the backbone of modern communication, allowing data, voice, video, and other types of information to be transmitted across vast distances. The key types of communication networks include:

1. Wired Networks

i.Definition: Wired networks use physical cables, such as copper wires or fibre-optic cables, to transmit data between devices. These networks are known for their stability, reliability, and high-speed data transfer capabilities.