The Fundamental Duties of citizens were added to the Indian Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976, on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee. These duties are enumerated in Part IVA of the Constitution, under Article 51A. They serve as a constant reminder to every citizen that while enjoying their rights, they must also perform their duties towards the nation and society. The concept of Fundamental Duties is inspired by the Constitution of the former Soviet Union, and their inclusion in the Indian Constitution aims to promote a sense of discipline and commitment among citizens towards their country. Initially, ten duties were listed, but the 86th Amendment Act of 2002 added an eleventh duty, emphasizing the importance of education.

The Fundamental Duties are non-justiciable, meaning they are not legally enforceable by the courts. However, they hold significant moral and civic value, fostering a sense of responsibility and active participation in national affairs. These duties emphasize the importance of respecting the Constitution, the national flag and anthem, promoting harmony, safeguarding public property, and striving for excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity. By fulfilling these duties, citizens contribute to the strength, unity, and integrity of the nation.

The Swaran Singh Committee was established by the Indian government in 1976, during the Emergency period, to consider and recommend the inclusion of Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution. Named after its chairman, Dr. Swaran Singh, who was a prominent member of the Congress party and served as the Union Minister of External Affairs, the committee played a crucial role in shaping the constitutional framework concerning the duties of citizens.

Background

The idea behind forming the Swaran Singh Committee was rooted in the belief that the Constitution should not only provide for Fundamental Rights but also outline the duties of citizens towards the state and society. The then Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi, aimed to instill a sense of responsibility and discipline among the citizens, especially in the backdrop of the socio-political turmoil during the Emergency.

Recommendations

The Swaran Singh Committee made several key recommendations, which included: