CITIZENSHIP
Citizenship in the context of the Indian Constitution refers to the legal status granted to individuals that recognizes them as members of the Republic of India. It bestows upon individuals certain rights, privileges, and responsibilities within the country. Citizenship establishes a person's identity as an Indian citizen and allows them to participate in the civic and political life of the nation.
The Indian Constitution, which came into effect on January 26, 1950, provides a framework for the acquisition, determination, and termination of Indian citizenship. The provisions related to citizenship are mainly contained in Articles 5 to 11 (Part II) of the Constitution. However, the Constitution itself does not elaborate extensively on the matter of citizenship, leaving the details to be determined by the Parliament.
To address the specifics of citizenship, the Parliament enacted the Citizenship Act, 1955, which has since been amended several times to accommodate changing circumstances and evolving societal needs. The Act outlines the various methods by which one can acquire Indian citizenship:
1.Birth: Citizenship by birth is granted to individuals born in India, subject to certain conditions specified in the Act.
2.Descent: Citizenship by descent is granted to individuals born outside India to Indian parents, subject to certain conditions.
3.Registration: Citizenship by registration can be acquired by certain categories of persons, such as persons of Indian origin residing outside India.