The formation of the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885 marked a seminal moment in the history of Indian nationalism and its struggle for independence from British rule. The credit for conceptualizing and bringing to life an all-India organization of nationalist political workers primarily goes to Allan Octavian Hume, a retired English civil servant, who, with the cooperation of prominent Indian leaders, organized the first session of the INC

Origins and Foundational Efforts

1.A.O. Hume's Initiative: Allan Octavian Hume played a pivotal role in the formation of the INC. Concerned about the growing discontent among Indians towards British policies and the absence of a platform for constructive dialogue and reform, Hume envisioned an organization that would serve as a bridge between the Indian people and the British government.

2.Engagement with Indian Leaders: Hume reached out to influential Indian leaders across the country to discuss his idea. His efforts were met with enthusiasm and support, culminating in the formation of a preparatory committee that would lay the groundwork for the first session of the Congress.

First Session of the Indian National Congress

1.Location and Timing: The inaugural session of the INC was held in Bombay (now Mumbai) in December 1885.

2.Presidency of W.C. Bonnerjee: Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee, a prominent Indian barrister, was chosen as the first president of the Congress, a choice that underscored the organization's commitment to legal and constitutional methods of advocacy.