The First World War, a global conflict that began in June 1914, had profound implications not just on the global stage but also on the nationalist movements within colonial India. This period saw a significant evolution in Indian nationalism, marked by changing strategies and perceptions among Indian leaders regarding the path to independence.

Outbreak of the First World War

1.Belligerent Nations: The war pitted the Allies — Great Britain, France, Russia, and Japan, later joined by Italy and the USA — against the Central Powers, comprising Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey.

2.Impact on India: While the conflict was largely European, its ramifications extended to the colonies, including India, which was then under British rule. The war period was crucial in the maturation of Indian nationalist sentiment.

Indian Nationalists' Initial Support for the War

1.Support for the British War Effort: In the early stages of the war, prominent Indian nationalist leaders, including Lokamanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak, who was released from prison in June 1914, chose to support the British war effort. This decision stemmed from a belief that aiding Britain during its time of need would lead to reciprocal gestures of goodwill, particularly in the form of advancements toward self-governance for India.

2.Miscalculation of British Intentions: This strategy was predicated on a significant misjudgement. Indian leaders did not fully appreciate the underlying motivations of the belligerent powers, particularly the Allies, who were engaged in the war to protect and expand their colonial interests, rather than to reward colonies for their loyalty.