Municipalities, also known as urban local bodies, are integral components of the local governance system in India. They are responsible for administering and managing urban areas, including cities and towns. The primary objective of municipalities is to ensure efficient delivery of public services, infrastructure development, and urban planning to cater to the diverse needs of the growing urban population. Articles 243P – 243ZE deal with municipalities in the constitution.

The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992, also known as the Nagara Palika Act, provided constitutional recognition to municipalities. This landmark amendment aimed to strengthen urban local governance by granting municipalities greater functional and financial autonomy. It introduced a three-tier system comprising Municipal Corporations for larger urban areas, Municipal Councils for smaller urban areas, and Nagar Panchayats for areas transitioning from rural to urban.

Urban bodies, also known as urban local governments or municipalities, have evolved significantly over time, reflecting India's commitment to decentralization, participatory democracy, and effective local governance.

Overview

Colonial Period (19th Century)

1.Early Establishments

The first organized urban local government was established in 1687 with the creation of the Madras Municipal Corporation.