Thematic Introduction

Social issues lie at the heart of governance, development, and public policy. They encompass questions of equity, inclusivity, dignity, and opportunities for all citizens. India’s social fabric is diverse and evolving, making social challenges both persistent and dynamic. From addressing patriarchal norms that hinder women’s empowerment, to tackling entrenched inequalities and ensuring quality education and healthcare for all, social issues demand nuanced, multi-dimensional analysis.

At the core of examining social issues for the UPSC Essay Paper is understanding the interplay of history, culture, policy, ethical considerations, and economic contexts. Approaches that highlight intersectionality—where multiple forms of discrimination and disadvantage overlap—are essential. Moreover, drawing on constitutional values, global best practices, and moral frameworks can enrich your discussion.

Key Issues Under Social Themes

1.Women’s Empowerment, Gender Justice, and Intersectionality

Persistent gender gaps in literacy, workforce participation, political representation.

Intersectionality, where caste, class, and religion compound gender inequalities.

Legal frameworks (like the Domestic Violence Act), reservations for women in local governance, and cultural shifts toward gender equality.