IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE: INDIA
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It can manifest as changes in average conditions (such as temperature and precipitation) or in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Climate change may result from natural processes, such as volcanic eruptions and solar variations, as well as from human activities, notably the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial activities.
1.Temperature Increase: According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the global average surface temperature has increased by approximately 1.2°C (2.2°F) since the late 19th century, with most of the warming occurring in the past few decades. The last decade (2011-2020) was the warmest on record.
2.Carbon Dioxide Levels: The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere has increased from about 280 parts per million (ppm) in pre-industrial times to over 410 ppm in recent years, a level not seen for millions of years.
3.Sea Level Rise: Global sea levels have risen by about 20 centimetres (8 inches) since 1900, with the rate of rise accelerating in recent decades. The IPCC projects that sea levels could rise by 0.3 to 1 meter (1 to 3 feet) by 2100, depending on future GHG emissions.
4.Extreme Weather Events: The frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, hurricanes, droughts, and heavy precipitation, have increased in many regions around the world, leading to significant economic and human losses.