An ecosystem is a dynamic complex of plant, animal, and microorganism communities and their non-living environment interacting as a functional unit. The primary functions of an ecosystem include:

Provision of Habitat and Resources for Organisms

Habitat: Ecosystems provide living spaces for various organisms, ensuring they have a suitable environment for growth, reproduction, and survival. These habitats can vary greatly, from forests and grasslands to aquatic environments like rivers and oceans.

Resources: Ecosystems supply essential resources such as food, water, and shelter. Plants produce food through photosynthesis, which serves as the primary source of energy for herbivores and, subsequently, carnivores and omnivores.

Production of Organic Matter through Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis: Plants, algae, and some bacteria convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen through photosynthesis. This process forms the base of the food web, producing organic matter that supports herbivores and higher trophic levels.

Primary Production: The organic matter produced by photosynthetic organisms is referred to as primary production. This primary production is critical for the growth and energy needs of all other organisms in the ecosystem.

Decomposition of Organic Matter to Return Nutrients to the Soil