Irrigation is a critical component of Indian agriculture, playing a vital role in enhancing agricultural productivity and ensuring food security for the nation. Given the erratic nature of monsoons and the increasing demand for food due to population growth, irrigation systems have become indispensable in stabilizing and increasing crop yields

Definition and Importance

Definition of Irrigation

Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the soil to assist in the growth of agricultural crops when natural rainfall is insufficient. It involves supplying water to agricultural fields through various methods, such as canals, wells, tanks, and drip systems, to meet the water requirements of crops at different growth stages.

Importance in Indian Agriculture

1.Dependence on Monsoons

i.Monsoon Variability: India receives about 75-90% of its annual rainfall during the monsoon season (June to September). However, the monsoon is highly unpredictable in terms of onset, duration, and distribution.

ii.Rainfed Agriculture: Approximately 51% of the net sown area in India is rainfed, making agriculture vulnerable to droughts and dry spells.