LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The Disaster Management Act, 2005, is a comprehensive legal framework established by the Government of India to manage disasters and ensure a coordinated approach to disaster risk reduction across the country. The Act was enacted in the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, which highlighted the need for a structured and unified disaster management system in India.
Key Provisions of the Act
1.Establishment of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA): The Act provides for the establishment of the NDMA, which is chaired by the Prime Minister of India. The NDMA is responsible for formulating policies, plans, and guidelines for disaster management, ensuring timely and effective response to disasters, and coordinating efforts across various levels of government.
2.Creation of State and District Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs and DDMAs): The Act mandates the formation of State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) at the state level, chaired by the Chief Minister, and District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMAs) at the district level, chaired by the District Collector or District Magistrate. These bodies are responsible for planning, coordination, and implementation of disaster management activities at their respective levels.
3.Development of National, State, and District Disaster Management Plans: The Act requires the preparation of disaster management plans at the national, state, and district levels. These plans outline strategies for prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery, ensuring that resources and responsibilities are clearly defined.
4.Establishment of the National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM): The NIDM is established under the Act as an apex body for capacity building, research, and training in disaster management. It plays a crucial role in enhancing the skills and knowledge of disaster management professionals and conducting research on disaster risk reduction.
5.National Disaster Response Force (NDRF): The Act provides for the constitution of the NDRF, a specialized force dedicated to disaster response. The NDRF is equipped and trained to respond to disasters quickly and effectively, providing rescue, relief, and rehabilitation services.