The linkages between development and the spread of extremism in India are complex and multifaceted. Understanding these connections requires an exploration of the broader socio-economic and political environment within which extremism takes root and flourishes

Definition of Extremism

Extremism refers to the holding of radical views that deviate significantly from the prevailing social or political norms. In the Indian context, extremism often manifests as the advocacy of extreme political, religious, or social ideologies, sometimes leading to violence. This can include left-wing extremism (like Naxalism), right-wing extremism (such as certain Hindutva movements), religious extremism (including Islamist militancy), and other forms of radical ideologies that challenge the state’s authority and threaten societal harmony.

Extremism in India is not monolithic but rather comprises various forms that may be driven by ideological, religious, or socio-economic motivations. These movements often exploit local grievances, including underdevelopment, social inequality, and perceived injustices, to gain support among disenfranchised populations.

Historical Context

The historical roots of extremism in India can be traced back to various periods, each shaped by the socio-political conditions of the time.

1.Colonial Era

During British rule, extremism began to surface in the form of militant nationalism. Figures like Bhagat Singh, Chandra Shekhar Azad, and others were driven by the extreme repression of the colonial government and the slow pace of constitutional reforms. Their actions, although violent, were motivated by the desire to free India from colonial rule. The British labelled these activities as extremist as they sought to curb the rising tide of anti-colonial sentiment.