The Union Council of Ministers is a fundamental component of the executive branch of the Government of India, playing a pivotal role in the administration, policy-making, and governance of the country. Established under Articles 74 and 75 of the Indian Constitution, the Council of Ministers is headed by the Prime Minister and is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of ParliamentAccording to the Constitution of India, the total number of ministers in the council of ministers must not exceed 15% of the total number of members of the Lok Sabha. Ministers must be members of parliament. Any minister who is not a member of either of the houses of the parliament for six consecutive months is automatically stripped off his or her ministerial post.

Structure and Composition

The Union Council of Ministers is composed of three distinct tiers:

1.Cabinet Ministers: The most senior and influential members, typically heading significant ministries such as Home Affairs, Finance, Defence, and External Affairs. The Cabinet is the central decision-making body of the government, formulating key policies and making crucial national and international decisions.

2.Ministers of State (Independent Charge): These Ministers are responsible for specific departments or ministries that are not overseen by a Cabinet Minister. They have the authority to make decisions independently within their assigned portfolio, playing a vital role in the administration and implementation of policies.

3.Ministers of State: Junior Ministers who assist Cabinet Ministers and Ministers of State (Independent Charge) in their duties. They typically handle specific aspects or departments within a larger ministry, ensuring the smooth functioning of their respective areas.

Roles and Responsibilities

The Union Council of Ministers is tasked with a broad range of responsibilities, including: