Introduction

The local self-government system in India, established under the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments, aimed to enhance grassroots governance. However, it has faced significant challenges in achieving its potential.

Body

1.Challenges in Effectiveness

i.Lack of Devolution of Powers:

Despite constitutional provisions, state governments often retain control over finances and functions.

Example: Panchayats control only 18 out of 29 subjects listed in the Eleventh Schedule.

ii.Inadequate Finances: