Introduction

The Indian subcontinent's ancient civilization, dating back to the Indus Valley Civilization (3300–1300 BCE), has sustained its cultural and traditional legacy unlike Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Greece, which underwent significant disruptions.

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1.Continuity in Cultural Practices

Practices like yoga, Ayurveda, and meditation, originating in ancient texts like the Vedas and Upanishads, are still widely followed in India and globally.

Festivals such as Diwali and rituals like marriage customs have roots in early Indian traditions and continue to shape the cultural fabric of the country.

2.Resilience Amid Foreign Invasions

Unlike Greece and Mesopotamia, which saw abrupt cultural shifts under Roman and Persian rule, Indian traditions adapted and absorbed influences while maintaining their core essence. For instance, the Bhakti and Sufi movements preserved spirituality amidst Islamic rule.